疑问句的定义
疑问句的主要交际功能是提出问题,询问情况。分为一般疑问句、选择疑问句、特殊疑问句和反意疑问句。
一般疑问句
一般疑问句通常用来询问一件事情是否属实。答句通常是"yes或no"。所以一般疑问句有称作"是非问句"。
一. 由肯定的陈述句转化的一般疑问句。可以直接用“yes”或者“no”回答。
Do you speak English? 你讲英语吗?
Have you been living here? 你一直住在这儿吗?
Can he swim? 他会游泳吗?
二. 否定的一般疑问句。
Can't he drive? 他不是会开车吗?
Can he not drive? 他不会开车吗?
Isn't Kate a student? 凯特难道不是学生吗?
Is Kate not a student? 凯特不是学生吗?
Hasn't the rain stopped yet? 难道雨还没有停吗?
Has the rain stopped yet? 雨还没停吗?
三. 回答否定形式的一般疑问句的注意事项:
Isn't she very intelligent? 她难道不是很聪明吗?
Yes, she is. 是的,她很聪明。
Is he not a student? 他不是学生吗?
Yes, he is. 不,他是学生。(错误的答语:No, he is.)
小窍门:在回答的时候,只要把它当成没有加以否定形式的普通一般疑问句一样看待。
选择疑问句
选择疑问句提出两个或两个以上可能的答案供对方选择。这类疑问句由两部分组成:
(一般疑问句)供选择的第一个部分 + 供选择的另一个部分 + ?
Do you like to play football or basketball?
你喜欢踢足球还是打篮球?
Shall we walk, or shall we go by bus?
咱们步行去,还是乘公共汽车去?
Do you prefer apples, or pears, or plums, or cherries?
你是喜欢苹果、梨子、李子还是樱桃?
注意:有的选择疑问句不能用"yes或no"回答。如:
Are you male or female?
你是男性还是女性?
这时是不可能用"yes或no"回答的。
但是,以下则例外。
Shall we walk, or shall we go by bus?
咱们步行去,还是乘公共汽车去?
回答可能是:
No, we shall go by taxi.
不,我们要打的。
特殊疑问句
一. 疑问词
疑问代词 who, whom, whose, which, what
疑问副词 when, where, why, how, how much, how many, how long, how old, how far, how big
二. 疑问词 + 陈述句语序部分
疑问词作主语
Who would like to go out for a walk?
谁要出去散步?
Which is mine?
哪一个是我的?
疑问词作定语修饰主语
Which book is yours?
哪一本书是你的?
Which one is suited for teaching?
哪一个适合教学?
三. 疑问词 + 一般疑问句语序部分
What do you read?
你阅读了什么书?
Which book do you want?
你要哪一本书?
How did you get here?
你是怎么到达这儿的?
When did you arrive?
你是什么时候到的?
Why did you do that?
你为什么做那事?
反意疑问句
反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句,主要有两部分组成:
陈述部分 + 疑问部分
主要有两种类型:
陈述部分(肯定) + 疑问部分(否定)
陈述部分(否定) + 疑问部分(肯定)
It's cold today, isn't it? 今天天气冷,不是吗?
He doesn't like it, does he? 他不喜欢,是吗?
少数情况:
祈使句部分(肯定)+ 疑问部分(肯定)
Let us go, will you? 让我们去吧,好吗?
反意疑问句:代词
一. 当陈述部分的主语是this, that, these, those时,疑问部分的主语分别用it和they。
This is important, isn't it? 这很重要,不是吗?
These aren't his books, are they? 这些不是他的书,对吧?
二. 当陈述部分的主语是everything, something, anything, nothing时,疑问部分的主语采用it。
Everything is all right, isn't it? 一切正常,不是吗?
Nothing can stop us, can it? 没有什么可以阻挡我们,对吧?
三. 当陈述部分的主语是everybody, everyone, somebody, someone, nobody, no one等合成代词时,疑问部分的主语要采用they,有时用he。
Everybody knows this, doesn't he/ don't they?
人人都知道这一点,不是吗?
Nobody phoned while I was out, did they?
我外出时没人打电话,对吧?
No one wants to go, do they?
没人想走,是吗?
反意疑问句:there be
There won't be any concert this Saturday evening, will there?
这个星期六晚上没有音乐会,是吗?
There used to be a peach tree in the garden, wasn't there?
以前在花园里有一棵桃树,对吧?
反意疑问句:助动词
一. 当陈述部分的谓语动词含有系动词,助动词,情态动词时,疑问部分重复这些动词。
He is a teacher, isn't? 他是教师,对吧?
You can solve the problem, can't you? 你能解决这个问题,不是吗?
二. 当陈述部分的谓语动词含有had better, would rather, would like时,疑问部分相应的变化。
You'd better go now, hadn't you?
你最好现在就走,不是吗?
You'd rather go there early, wouldn't you?
你最好早些去那里,不是吗?
He'd like to go, wouldn't he?
他要走,是吗?
三. 当陈述部分的谓语动词含有have to, had to时,疑问部分用don't或didn't。
We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?
明天我们必须8点到达那儿,不是吗?
They had to take the early train, didn't they?
他们要赶早班火车,不是吗?
反意疑问句:must
1.表示“必须”时,采用如下格式:must, mustn't/ must, needn't
They must clean the floor after school, mustn't they?
They must clean the floor after school, needn't they?
放学后他们必须扫地,是不是?
2.表示“禁止”时,采用如下格式:mustn't, may
They mustn't take the book out of the library, may they?
他们不能把书拿出图书馆,是吗?
3.must表示“准是”的意思是,采用:must be, aren't
They must be playing football on the sports ground, aren't they?
他们准是在操场上踢足球,是不是?
You must have misheard, haven't you?
You must have misheard, didn't you?
你一定是听错了,是不是?
反意疑问句:ought to
主干部分ought to, 附加部分shouldn't(美国用法)
主干部分ought to, 附加部分oughtn't(英国用法)
We ought to buy a new car, oughtn't we? (英国用法)
We ought to buy a new car, shouldn't we? (美国用法)
我们应该买辆新车,不是吗?
另有:
疑问句分为两种:一种是“is”、“can”、或者“ane”开头的一般疑问句。可以直接用“yes”或者“no”回答。例如:
—Is this your English book? 这是你的英语书吗?
—Yes,it is. 是的,它是。
—No,it isn`t. 不,它不是。
—Can you spell your name? 你会拼写你的名字吗?
—Yes,I can. 是的,我会。
—No,I can`t.不,我不会。
-Do you like swim? 你喜欢游泳吗?
-Yes ,I do.是的,我喜欢。
-No,I don't.不,我不喜欢。
1. — Is this your computer game — No, it isn't.
2. — Is this your ID card — Yes, it is.
3. — Is that your pen — No, it isn't.
4. — Is that your watch — Yes, it is.
5. — Are you a boy — No, I am not
6. — Are you a student — Yes, I am.
如果是问两个人以上的是就要用复数形式回答:
Yes,we are.(我们肯定回答)
No,we aren't.(我们否定回答)
Yes,they are.(他们肯定回答)
No.they aren't..(他们否定回答)
还有一种用疑问词引导的疑问句叫做特殊疑问句。回答特殊疑问句时不能用yes或no。用降调。为了便于理解、掌握特殊疑问句,我们把疑问词分为三类:
疑问代词:what,who,Which,whose,whom
疑问副词:when,where,why,how
疑问形容词:what(which,whose)+名词
意思:
where 在哪里,问地点
whose 谁的,问谁的东西
who 谁,问人
what 什么,问东西
what do(did) 做什么
疑问句分为两种:一种是“is”、“can”、或者“ane”开头的一般疑问句。可以直接用“yes”或者“no”回答。例如:
—Is this your English book? 这是你的英语书吗?
—Yes,it is. 是的,它是。
—No,it isn`t. 不,它不是。
—Can you spell your name? 你会拼写你的名字吗?
—Yes,I can. 是的,我会。
—No,I can`t.不,我不会。
-Do you like swim? 你喜欢游泳吗?
-Yes ,I do.是的,我喜欢。
-No,I don't.不,我不喜欢。
1. — Is this your computer game — No, it isn't.
2. — Is this your ID card — Yes, it is.
3. — Is that your pen — No, it isn't.
4. — Is that your watch — Yes, it is.
5. — Are you a boy — No, I am not
6. — Are you a student — Yes, I am.
如果是问两个人以上的是就要用复数形式回答:
Yes,we are.(我们肯定回答)
No,we aren't.(我们否定回答)
Yes,they are.(他们肯定回答)
No.they aren't..(他们否定回答)
还有一种用疑问词引导的疑问句叫做特殊疑问句。回答特殊疑问句时不能用yes或no。用降调。为了便于理解、掌握特殊疑问句,我们把疑问词分为三类:
疑问代词:what,who,Which,whose,whom
疑问副词:when,where,why,how
疑问形容词:what(which,whose)+名词
意思:
where 在哪里,问地点
whose 谁的,问谁的东西
who 谁,问人
what 什么,问东西
what do(did) 做什么
what time 什么时间,问几点
how 怎样 (如果是关于旅游的话题这就是问你怎样来的)
how many多少,问可数东西的数量
how much多少,问不可数东西的数量,或问价格
how old 几岁了,问年龄
when 什么时候,问年份,月份或日期
短语:
Where are you going? 你上哪儿去?
Where am I? 我在哪儿?
Where is your bike? 你的自行车在哪儿?
Whose bike is this? 这辆自行车是谁的?
Whose books are those? 那些书是谁的?
Who money are you borrowing? 你借的是谁的钱?
Who are you? 你是谁?
Who am I? 我是谁?
Who is he? 他是谁?
Who do you think you are? 你以为你是谁?
What is your name? 你叫什么名字?
What time is it? 几点了?
What are you doing? 你在做什么?
例子:
1.what引导的疑问句
此类疑问句可以对主语、表语和宾语提问。
a.对主语提问
What is in your pocket?你口袋里有什么?
☆这个问题可以有两种回答:
a:There is an egg in it.在口袋里有一个蛋。
b:An egg is(in it).一个蛋(在里面)。
What's in the room?屋子里有什么?
There are a lot of chairs in it.=A 1ot of chairs are in it.有许多椅子。
注意
回答此句型的问题时,答句的单复数根据实际情况而定。
b.对宾语提问
What did you buy?你买了什么?
I bought a bike.我买了辆自行车。
c.对表语提问
What is this?这是什么?
It's a bench.这是一条长凳。
What is your mother?你妈妈是干什么的?
注意
What is+人?此句型是问人的职业,一般译为“是干什么的?”
She is a teacher.她是个老师。
2.Who,whom,whose引导的疑问句
此类疑问句可以对主语、表语和宾语提问。
Who broke the window?(对主语提问)
☆who可以对主语和表语提问。whom是who的宾格,对宾语提问,但在口语中who可以代替whom。
谁打破了窗户?
Li Ming did.李明打破的。
Who is that woman?(对表语提问)
那个女人是谁?
She is my mother.她是我妈妈。(关系)
或者:She is Rose.她是罗思。(姓名)
注意
Who is+人?是询问某人的姓名或与人关系的问句。与What is+人?(问人的职业)不同。
Whose is this umbrella?这伞是谁的?
This umbrella is my sister's.这伞是我姐姐的。
注意
whose之后如果没有名词时,表示“谁的(东西)……”。
Which引导的特殊疑问句此类疑问句可以对主语和宾语提问。
Which is Tom's?(对主语提问)哪个是汤姆的?
This is his.这是他的。
Which does he want?(对宾语提问)他想要哪一个?
He wants the green one.他想要那个绿色的。
注意
疑问词what,who,which在句中作主语时,语序是陈述句语序。
2 疑问形容词的用法
what,which,whose后面跟上名词时,这三个疑问词起形容词作用。
What sports do you like?(对宾语提问)你喜欢什么运动?
I like basketball.我喜欢篮球。
Whose pens are these?(对表语提问)这些是谁的钢笔?
They are Li Ming's.这些是李明的。
Whose father died two years ago?(对主语提问)两年前谁的父亲死了?
Which picture did you take?(对宾语提问)哪一张照片是你拍的?
I took the one on the right.右边的那一张是我拍的。
3 疑问副词的用法
句型:疑问副词+一般疑问句的语序~?
(疑问副词在句中作状语,所以它们不可能对主语提问)
1.when引导的疑问句:询问时间
When were you born?你何时出生?
(I was born)on June 5, 1962.我是1962年6月5日出生的。
注意
when引起的疑问句,都可用简略式回答,只回答出时间就可以了。
When will you go to Japan?你什么时候去日本?
(I'll go there)next year.我明年去那儿。
☆when问的是具体时间,所以不能和完成时连用。
(×)When have you been here?
(○)How long have you been here?你呆在这里有多久了?
(○)When did you come here?你什么时候来这里的?
2. where引导的疑问句:询问地点、场所
Where do you live?你住在哪儿?
(I live in)Beijing.(可以简略回答出地点)我住在北京。
Where are you going?你准备去什么地方?
I am going to Japan.我准备去日本。
3.why引导的疑问句:询问原因
它的回答只能用because引导的原因状语从句。
Why are you late?你为什么迟到?
Because I met the accident.因为我遇上车祸了。
Why didn't you see the movie?
Why did you not see the movie?你为什么不去看那部电影?
Because I had seen it before.因为我已经看过了。
4.how引导的疑问句:可分为两类
a."How…?"how可单独地置于疑问句的句首。
询问如何地做某事即做某事的方法、手段及健康、天气……
How do you go to school?(问方式)
I go to school by bus.我坐公共汽车。
How are you?(问健康)你身体怎样?
I'm fine. Thank you!我很好。谢谢你。
How is the weather today?(问天气)
今天天气如何?
It's cloudy.今天多云。
b:How +形容词(副词)~?
1. 概念
能用yes / no(或相当于yes / no)回答的问句叫一般疑问句。
2. 含系动词be的一般疑问句的构成
具体地说,就是当陈述句中有am /is / are时,可直接将它们提至主语前,但如遇第一人称,最好将其置换成第二人称。如:
I'm in Class 2, Grade 1. →Are you in Class 2, Grade 1? 你是在一年级二班吗?
3. 含情态动词的一般疑问句的构成
一般疑问句面前人人平等:情态动词与am / is / are一样,也可直接将它们提至主语前,所以问题迎刃而解了。如:
I can spell it. →Can you spell it? 你会拼写它吗?
4. 含实义动词的一般疑问句的构成
含实义动词的一般疑问句的构成稍微有点讲究,要在句首加do;如逢主语为第三人称单数,谓语动词为一般现在时单数第三人称形式"v-(e)s"时,奉does为座上宾并要变回原形(如has→have,likes→like等);有时陈述句中的some还要变作any等。如:
She lives in Beijing. →Does she live in Beijing? 她住在北京吗?
I like English. →Do you like English? 你喜欢英语吗?
There are some books on my desk.→Are there any books on your desk?
5. 少数口语化的一般疑问句
如问一个与前文相同的问句时,可省略成"And you?"或"What / How about...?"等;甚至只抓关键词,读作升调。如:Your pen? 你的钢笔?
6. 小插曲:一般疑问句的语调
大部分的一般疑问句都应读作升调(↗),并落在最后一个单词身上。如:Is it a Chinese car↗?
7. 一般疑问句的应答
用yes / no(或相当于yes / no的词)回答,并怎么问怎么答(句首为情态动词am / is / are还是do /does),简略回答时要注意缩写(否定的n't)和采用相应的人称代词以避免重复:即"Yes,主语(代词)+情态动词或am / is / are或do / does."表示肯定;"No,主语(代词)+情态动词或am / is / are或者do / does not(n't)."表示否定。如:
① -Is Mary a Japanese girl? 玛丽是日本女孩吗?
-Yes, she is. / No, she isn't. 是的,她是。/不,她不是。
② -Can Lily speak Chinese? 莉莉会说中国话吗?
-No, she can't. / Sorry, I don't know. 不,她不会。/对不起,我不知道。
③ -Do you like English? 你喜欢英语吗?
-Yes, very much. 是的,非常喜欢。
1) 一般疑问句
Is he a doctor?
Do you the way to the station?
2) 反意疑问句
He is a teacher, isn't he?
It is quite cheap, don't you think?
3) 特殊疑问句
What is the distance/width/size/population/temperature/fare?
Who is he?
What is he?(干什么的)
What is he like?
How is he?
How do you like him?
What do you think of him?
What ever do you mean by saying this?
4) 选择疑问句
He is a doctor or a nurse?
5) 间接疑问句
Do you know how old he is?
Tell me if (whether) you like it.
What do you think/say/suppose I should do?