1. 基本原则
在通常情况下,陈述部分与疑问部分的肯定彼此相反,即陈述部分为肯定式时,疑问部分用否定式,陈述部分为否定式时,疑问部分用肯定式:
He has read the novel, hasn't he? 他读过这本小说,是吗?
Jim didn't come to the meeting, did he? 吉姆没有来开会,是吗?
2. 当陈述部分含半否定词时
若陈述部分含有seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, nothing, nowhere等否定词或半否定词,其反意疑问句部分要用肯定式:
Dick rarely got drunk, did he? 迪克很少喝醉,是吗?
Few people like such a man, do they? 很少有人会喜欢那样的人,是吗?
He seldom comes to see you, does he? 他很少来看你,是吗?
Nothing in the book is interesting, is it? 这本书里没有一点是有趣的,是吗?
3. 当陈述部分含否定前缀时
若陈述部分含有带否定前缀的词,反意疑问句仍用否定式:
It is unfair, isn't it? 这不公平,不是吗?
It is impossible, isn't it? 那是不可能的,是吗?
4. 同向反意疑问句
同向反意疑问句即陈述部分和疑问部分同时为肯定或同时为否定。这类反意疑问句往往具有一定的感情 色彩,表示强调、惊讶、怀疑等:
"I'm afraid you failed the exam." "I failed, did I? What a shame!" “你恐怕没考及格。”“没及格?真丢人。”
【注】这类反意疑问句的陈述部分句首有时有so或oh:
So you did not go, didn't you? 所以你就没去,是不是?
"He's an artist." "Oh, he's an artist, is he?" “他是位艺术家。”“啊,他是艺术家吗?”